论“天道”观对中国传统法律的影响

肇基于生产力水平和科技文化极端落后时代的中华文明 ,不可避免地带有早熟性。人们一直相信 ,有一个称作“天”或“上帝”的主宰神支配着整个自然界与人间 ,因而 ,以人事解释天界 ,再用这个人事化的天界做为人间的模式便成为中华民族的传统。这个传统可以“天道”概括。中国传统法律几乎全部的内容都可以用“天道”思想附会、解释 ;法律以维护“天”的秩序为己任 ,以“承天意以从事”的“天子”的利益为根本着眼点 ;追求“天理”重于对“私益”的人的保护等等。由于这种“天道”思想的独特性与保守性 ,中华传统法律也在世界上独树一帜。

On Impact of "Tiandao" Doctrine on Traditional Law of China

The Chinese civilization based on the extremely unenlightened level of productivity, science and culture inevitably bears the character of being precocial. It has been believed that a dominate god called "Tian" or "God" controls the whole nature and the man's world. Therefore, using human affairs to interpret heaven, and using the humanized heaven as the model of the world become the tradition of Chinese nation. This tradition can be summarized as "Tiandao". Nearly the whole content of Chinese traditional law can be interpreted by using the idea of "Tiandao". Law is aimed to maintain the order of "Tian", to focus on the interests of the "Tianzi", and to pursue that "Tianli" is superior to "private interests", etc. Due to the uniqueness and conservativeness of such idea of "Tiandao", the Chinese traditional law developed a school of its own in the world.