国际政治经济学的理论范式:一种比较分析

国际政治经济学是由众多思想和观点构成的一个理论集群。大体上分为现实主义(又称重商主义或民族主义)、自由主义和马克思主义(社会主义)三大范式。在国家与市场的政治经济安排上,现实主义主张政治决定经济,权力统制市场,市场经济服从和服务于国家权力的需要,现实主义者追求国家利益最大化,其基本价值观是国家权力至上。自由主义认为政治与经济之间是自治关系,自由市场与权力机构之间关系本质上是和谐共存的,自由主义者追求个人福利最大化,其基本价值观是个体自由优先。马克思主义强调经济基础决定上层建筑,上层建筑对经济基础具有反作用,认为国家与市场之间隐含着内在的矛盾性和冲突性,经济因素是资本主义国际关系的动力源泉,决定着国际政治的发展与演变进程。马克思主义追求阶级利益最大化,其基本价值观是社会公正和人类解放。

IPE Paradigms: A Comparative Analysis

IPE is a theoretical group including different thoughts and theories. Generally, it is divided into three paradigms: Realism (mercantilism or nationalism), Liberalism and Marxism. Realists propose that politics decides economy and power dominates market. Their goal is to pursue maximization of national interests, and their basic value is supremacy of sovereignty. Liberalists argue that politics and economy are autonomous respectively, and market and power co-exist harmoniously. Their goal is to pursue maximization of individual interests, and their basic value is priority of freedom. Marxists emphasize that economic base decides super-structure, and super-structure also has important impact on economic base; and the conflicting relationship between nation and market is seen as dynamics to drive capitalist international relations. Their goal is to pursue maximization of class interests, and their basic value is social fair and liberalization of human beings.