由公正到效益--罪刑均衡到刑罚个别化的价值嬗变

历史上有两个相对的刑罚适用原则罪刑均衡和刑罚个别化.罪刑均衡原则要求刑罚应当与犯罪的社会危害性相适应,体现了刑罚的公正价值;刑罚个别化原则要求刑罚应当与犯罪人的人身危险性相适应,体现了刑罚的效益价值.为了遏制高涨的犯罪现象,刑罚的适用原则由罪刑均衡发展到刑罚个别化,刑罚的价值追求由公正转化到效益.伴随这一历史变化的是一系列的变化过程.

Justice To Benefit--Change of value of balance of crime and penalty to personification of penalty

There are two principles of the penalty uses: the balance of crime and penalty and the personification of penalty. The former claims that penalty should balance the harm of crime, it shows the value of justice,; the latter claims that penalty should balance the threat of criminal, it shows the value of efficiency. In order to control crime, the principle of the penalty uses change from the balance of crime and penalty to the personification of penalty. With it there are many changes.