集团诉讼问题研究——一个比较法社会学的分析

集团诉讼是当代世界共同关注的重要的法律和政治问题。然而,各国对于集团诉讼的态度、政策、制度设计和实践却是千差万别,显示出多元化的趋势。本文以功能主义分析方法探讨了通过不同的法律制度解决这一相同的时代课题的可能;分析了当代世界各国解决群体性纠纷和集团诉讼问题上的差别及其原因,从政治和司法体制、诉讼文化、法律技术与传统、社会经济发展程度以及法律职业等角度比较了集团诉讼运作的社会条件和移植的可能性;并指出了经济全球化背景下集团诉讼问题的重要性及各国应有的政策立场。本文将解决中国群体性纠纷的问题意识贯穿始终,主张充分考虑社会现实,避免简单移植某一种集团诉讼制度并依赖其解决各种群体性纠纷,而应以一种多元化的思路应对纠纷解决的社会需求和经济全球化的挑战。

A Study on the Issues of Class Action:An Analysis from the perspective of legal sociology

Class action is an important legal and political problem which is paid attention to by the contemporary whole world. However, the attitude, policy, institutional arrangement and practice concerning it are quite divers and plural in different countries. From the perspective of functionalism, this article discusses the possibility of solving the same problem through various legal systems, analyzes the diversity of the solutions to settle the class disputes in different contexts, compares the social conditions of the performance of class action and explores the possibility to conduct transplant from the point of view of judicial system, litigant culture, legal skill and the development of economy and society, and points out the significance of class action in the background of economic globalization and the policy standpoint that the countries should have. Reflecting on the problems of class action in China, this article holds that the social reality should be adequately considered, the straight transplant of some institution should be avoided, the alternative dispute resolution should be applied, and the plural way of thinking should be adopted to meet the social demand for solving disputes and to deal with the challenges of economic globalization.