马克思主义审美文化观对《红楼梦》意义的构建

新旧红学派之所以忽略《红楼梦》及其主人公贾宝玉的审美意义,是他们缺乏一种能够达到洞察作品人物深层意义的世界观与方法论,即马克思主义审美文化观中的“美学观点和历史观点”。新文化运动引入了马克思主义,马克思主义审美文化观构建了《红楼梦》的革命性意义。马克思主义的“历史观点”揭示出,只有在一定的时代背景下才能认识《红楼梦》特别是贾宝玉的审美意义。马克思主义的“美学观点”,来源于马克思的对象化理论。人创造或者改变世界,必须见之于一个具体的对象,然后人在这个被改造的对象上留下自己的主体性痕迹,使之成为可以直观自身———自己的本质力量的对象,无论是人创造的物质产品还是精神产品都是如此。《红楼梦》之“善写人情”,本质上就是创造了人性的感性化对象化形式。

Construction of Significance for A Dream of Red Mansions from the Perspective of Marxist Aesthetic Culture

The reason why the new and old red schools of“Red Mansions”studies ignore the aesthetic significance of A Dream of Red Mansions and its protagonist Jia Baoyu is that they lack a world view and methodology that can reach the deep meaning of the characters in the book,that is,the“aesthetic viewpoint and historical perspective”in Marxist aesthetic culture.The New Culture Movement introduced Marxism,and the Marxist aesthetic cultural outlook constructed the revolutionary significance of A Dream of Red Mansions.The“historical perspective”of Marxism reveals that the aesthetic significance of A Dream of Red Mansions,especially for Jia Baoyu,can only be understood against a certain historical background.The“aesthetic viewpoint”of Marxism is derived from the Marxist theory of objectification.When man creates or changes the world,he must see it in a specific object,and then he leaves a trace of his subjectivity on this transformed object,so that it becomes an object in which man can visualize himself—his own essential power.This remains true whether it is a material product or a spiritual product created by man.The“exemplary depiction of human emotions”in A Dream of Red Mansions,in its essence,shows the process of perceptual treatment and objectivity process for human nature.