自由与民主:宪法诉讼的价值理念探幽

自由是宪法诉讼的核心价值 ,自由价值之中镌刻着深刻的民主价值思想。宪法诉讼的自由价值表现在 :1 矫正和修饰多数形成机制本身所存在的瑕疵 ,弥合宪法既定约束和现实多数之间的冲突 ,拓展宪法中关于自由范围和内容的规定 ;2 维护公民的“反向自由” ,防御政府的“正向侵犯” ;确认公民的“正向自由” ,救济立法缺位而引起的权利虚置 ,最终实现公民“反向自由”和“正向自由”的结合。宪法诉讼自由价值的民主性表现在如下层面 :1 宪法诉讼机制对自由价值的诉求和保障实现了民主的现代转型 ,即由古代的纯粹民主向现代的自由民主之转变 ;2 反向自由的宪法定位和正向自由的个案满足使民主和自由之间保持了持久的张力和不断的平衡 ,从而使自由主义民主具备了得以实现的现实基础。

Liberty and Democracy:An Inquiry into the Values of Administrative Procedure

The Liberty is the kernel content of the value of the constitution litigation,and the profound democratic value is engraved in the liberty value. The liberty value of the constitution litigation represents itself mainly in the following aspects:first,rectifying the blemishes of the mechanism forming majority,closing the collision between the obligation of constitution and the realistic majority,and developing the provision in the constitution,which prescribes the scope and the content of liberty. second,sticking up for the reverse freedom of citizens,and defending the affirmative infringing of the government;validating the positive liberty of citizens,and redressing the emptiness of rights brought by the lacking of legislation. The democratic character of the freedom merit of the constitution litigation represents itself in the following aspects:first,the seeking and safeguarding to the liberty character precipitates the transformation of democracy,namely,the transformation from the archaic pure democracy to the modern permissive democracy;second,the reverse orientation to the liberty and the single satisfaction to the obverse liberty keeps the durative tension and the ceaseless balance between the democracy and the liberty,which establishes the realistic foundation to realize the liberalistic democracy.