中国毒品犯罪死刑的概况及其控制

解放初期我国大规模的禁毒运动成效显著，长期是“无毒国”，无需对毒品犯罪规定死刑。改革开放后，鉴于毒品泛滥、社会危害加剧的新形势，1982年《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严惩严重破坏经济的罪犯的决定》对毒品犯罪始规定死刑。随着我国经济社会发展，并受国际社会废除死刑潮流的影响，我国对毒品犯罪适用死刑的立场演变为既保留死刑又限制其适用。从毒品犯罪市场化、准组织化的现实来看，刑罚轻重应与毒品犯罪的利益、风险相适应。还应通过医疗技术、替代药物、帮助吸毒者回归正当的社会生活、加强国际合作等举措，更好地发挥社会措施对刑罚的替代作用，尽可能切断毒品犯罪的经济根源，从而限制和减少毒品犯罪死刑的适用。

Overview on the Death Penalty of the Drug Crime and Its Control in China

As to the large -scale anti -drug campaign in the early liberation with remarkable results, the long - term is a ＂drug - free country＂ , without the need of the death penalty for drug - related crimes. After the Reform and Opening- up, given the proliferation of drugs, new social harm aggravate the situation, in 1982 the ＂ Decision on Severely Punishing Criminals severely damaged the economy, ＂ the beginning of the death penalty for drug often- ses. As China~ economic and social development, and is affected by the international community to abolish the death penalty trend, China~ death penalty for drug offenses stance is not only to retain the death penalty and restrictions apply. From drug offenses market, quasi - organization of reality, the severity of the penalty and interest should be drug -related crimes, the risk to adapt. Also through medical technology, alternative medicine, so that drug addicts return to legitimate social life, strengthen international cooperation and other initiatives, better play the role of social measures on alternative penalty, cut drug crime economic roots, thereby limiting the application of the death penalty drug offenses.