论我国过失共同正犯的规范前提——以《刑法》第25条第2款的规范构造为中心

我国过失共同正犯的理论与实务都是以《刑法》明确否定过失共同正犯的成立为前提的。在此前提下,既不利于实践问题的解决,也不利于过失共同正犯理论自身的发展,因此有重新审视的必要。通过言语行为理论可以发现,《刑法》第25条第2款的规范构造既是行为规范也是制裁规范。作为行为规范,该条所禁止的是引起法益侵害结果的过失共同犯罪行为。而作为制裁规范即是要对违反行为规范的行为作出评价。因此,法官在依照该制裁规范裁判案件时,是以过失共同犯罪行为为评价对象的。在具体定罪量刑之前,需要确定是否成立过失共同犯罪,进而将结果归责于各行为人,这就为过失共同正犯的解释论展开提供了规范前提。

On the Normative Premise for the Negligent Joint Offender---Focusing on the Normative Structure of the Article 25 Paragraph 2 of the Criminal Law

In our country , theories and practice of the negligent joint principal offender develop on the premise of the Criminal Law ’ s definite denial of the establishment of negligent joint principal offender .Such premise is adverse for the solution of practical problems and harmful to development of theories on the negli -gent joint principal offender , which requires a review on the premise .Based on the analysis of the normative structure of the Article 25 Paragraph 2 of the Criminal Law in accordance with the verbal behavior theory , this provision is both of behavior specification and of sanctions specification .As for the former , this provision is to prohibit the conduct of negligent joint crime which results in infringement to legal interests; while as for the latter , this provision is to evaluate the above mentioned conduct .Thus in application of this sanction specifica-tion, the judge should evaluate the conduct of negligent joint crime .Prior to specific conviction and senten-cing , it is required to determine whether the negligent joint crime is established and then the consequence can be attributed to actors respectively .In this way , it is suggested to provide the normative premise for the inter-pretation theory on the negligent joint principal offender .