宪法解释方法的两种传统及其启示

宪法解释的重要性已经得到了普遍的认可,而在宪法解释方法的历史发展中,存在着两大分支:德国传统和美国传统,二者分别以文义解释和原旨主义为主导性解释方法。虽然两种传统有着诸多差异,但从20世纪以来却出现了趋同的倾向,以重视社会学解释方法为集中表现。在两种传统的差异与趋同中,中国宪法解释可以受到多方面的启示,包括回归宪法文本、期待个案发轫、扩展主体范围和重视社会效果等。

Two Traditions of Constitutional Interpretation Methods and Their Enlightenment

The importance of constitutional interpretation has been well recognized .There are two tradi-tions of constitutional interpretation in history , namely German tradition and American tradition with literal in-terpretation and originalism as their respective main methods of interpretation .Despite the differences , the two traditions are becoming more and more in common since last century and both concentrate on the sociological interpretation method .The constitutional interpretation in China can be enlightened in many perspectives from their divergence and convergence , such as returning to constitutional text , expecting specific case initiation , expanding scope of subjects and valuing social effects .