"非佞折狱"与"自由心证"——评《吕刑》、《商君法》

《吕刑》是我国最早的一部成文法,提出"非佞折狱、惟良折狱,罔非在中"的司法原则,强调防止五过的同时,制定了两造具备,办案人员要到民众中检查核实等严格的审判程序和审判规范,成为儒家德主刑辅的立法设刑基础。《商君法》也是我国古代经过社会实践并获得巨大成就的一部实用法典,成为中国第一个中央集权制秦王朝的法律基础。为秦国扫平六国提供了坚强的法律支持,正是这两种不同的法律思想,在彼此消长的过程中,影响了几千年封建王朝的法律体系。当今,我们的法律工作者,肩负着公正、道义、良心等责任和美德的重任,维系着亿万群众的切身利益,维护着社会的安定和发展。以古鉴今,建构司法公正与社会和谐,体现法律的正义与公平。近几年关于自由心证的讨论日渐增多,从中国法律文化的历史角度进行分析,对中国司法体制进行完善,提高法官素质,以寻求我国司法公正的最大效益。

"Non-eloquent Booklet Prison" and "Free Heart Certificate "——Discuss Lv Xing , Shang Jun Fa

Lv Xingis the earliest written law of our country,which put forward the judicial principle of "Non-eloquent booklet prison,Only good booklet prison,Deceives must be in".It emphasized the five mistakes and along with formulating the trial program and trial standard that handling a case must check a pit to wait strict judgment procedure and judge norm actually in the people,which become the lawmaking foundation of German principal penalty auxiliary to Confucianism.Shang Jun Fa is also a practical code of laws with huge achievement from the practices in ancient times,and become the law foundation of the first centralization system in the Qin's dynasty of China.It is exactly these two kinds of different law thoughts that provide strong law support for Qin's country to squelch six countries and influence the law system of the several thousand years feudalism dynasty in the process of each other growth and decay.Nowadays,our law workers carry on responsibilities of candor,righteous and conscience etc.They support hundreds of million of people to slice personal benefits and also support social stability and development.By ancient warning now,we should construct judicial fairness and harmonious society.In recent years the discussion concerning free heart certificate is increasing gradually.This article will carry on analysis from the history angle of Chinese law,and it will benefit to perfect the Chinese judicial system and to increase judges' character with looking forward to the biggest benefits of the judicial fairness in our country.