民事诉讼证明妨碍问题之反思——理论、实践及制度优化语境下的思考

证明妨碍问题作为我国证据制度改革领域的关注焦点之一,呈现出日益普遍化和严重化的态势。以此经验事实为考察对象,遵循"问题发现、类型归纳、成因探寻、理论基础挖掘、优化路径论证"的逻辑进路,分别从理论、实践和规范三个维度以及域内与域外双层视角,对证明妨碍的内涵特征、本质成因、现有规制机制以及相关法理基础等问题进行了梳理和反思。在此基础上,围绕证明妨碍行为的定义模型、类型化样态以及证明妨碍制度的正当性和有效性基础,融合我国的现实语境和本土资源,以本次民事诉讼法全面修订为大背景,分别从构成要件、法律效果、制裁机制、免责事由及程序保障等方面为证明妨碍制度的体系化重构与优化提出了一些设想和思路,以期推动我国民事证据制度的科学化革新,提升证据规则与司法程序功能之间的契合度和协调度。

Reflect on the System of Evidence Spoliation in Civil Procedure —Perspective on Theory, Practice and System Optimization

The issue of evidence spoliation, as the focus of evidence system reform, is becoming an increasingly serious and universal trend. Taking this experiential fact as the object of study, fol- lowing the logical route of issues identification, classification, causes exploration, theoretical foun- dation analysis and optimal measures design, to reflect on the features, causes and current system of evidence spoliation from the dimensions of theory, practice and legal norm as well as from both domestic and foreign perspectives. Under the revising background of the Civil Procedure Law of PRC, it is worthwhile to put forward some conducive and constructive ideas on the evidence spoliation sys- tem innovation through analyzing the concept, types, legitimacy and validity of evidence spoliation actions while corresponding to the current situation and indigenous resources of China. Further, on that basis, to promote the improvement of evidence system and advance the harmony relationship between judicial procedures and evidence rules.