实力变迁、法律传统与美欧印中贸易政策的演进

国际经济格局的深刻变化引发了美欧印中等主要贸易体贸易政策的变化。这种变化主要体现为其外贸法、外资法和出口管制法的修改,而国际习惯法和国际经济条约对这种修改的约束有限。美欧印中的代表性国际经济法理论分别为"制度管理说"、"规范承诺说"、"贸易民主论"和"责任共担论",这些理论反映了各贸易体的国际经济法传统和理念。以这些理论为视角考察美印中贸易政策的演进趋势,美国会继续实行对等、自由和公平的贸易政策,偏离多边主义,并对中国进行经济遏制;欧盟会实行有限的自由贸易政策,并支持多边主义;印度将实行有限自由贸易政策,继续支持出口和保护国内产业,对WTO谈判进程持迟滞的态度;中国将实行自主开放的自由贸易政策,维护和支持多边主义,主动承担更多的国际责任。

Strength Change,Legal Tradition and the Evolution of Trade Policies of the United States,European Union,India and China

The profound changes in the international economic pattern have triggered changes in the trade policies of the United States,European Union,India and China. These changes are mainly reflected in the amendment of their foreign trade laws,foreign investment laws and export control laws,while the constraints of international customary law and international economic treaties on this amendment are limited. The representative theories of international economic law in the United States,European Union,India and China are " institution managerialism theory", " normative commitment theory", " trading democracy theory" and " sharing responsibility theory". These theories reflect the traditions and ideas of international economic law of various trading partners. From the perspective of these theories,this paper examines the evolution trend of the trade policies of the United States,European Union,India and China. The United States will continue to implement the reciprocal,free and fair trade policy,deviate from multilateralism,and curb the economy of emerging countries;The EU will implement a limited free trade policy and support multilateralism;India will implement a limited free trade policy,continue to support exports and protect domestic industries,and hold a sluggish attitude towards the WTO negotiation process;China will implement an unilaterally opened free trade policy, safeguard and support multilateralism and assume more international responsibilities.