《正当防卫指导意见》中的程序问题评析

《正当防卫指导意见》中关于程序问题的若干规范对于正确办理涉正当防卫案件意义重大。侦查机关在取证工作中,应当着重注意对于能够证明不法侵害行为存在证据的及时收集。公检法机关在依法公正处理涉正当防卫案件时,尤其应当认真听取辩护方意见,及时披露案件信息,回应社会关切。对属于正当防卫的案件应当及时作出不予追究决定。但对于防卫过当案件均应适用认罪认罚从宽制度的要求似乎不妥。对于陪审制的运用应扬长避短。在案件办理的不同环节均应注意释法析理,尤其应当注意在认定为正当防卫的案件中对被害人及其家属进行释法析理。在做好法治宣传教育工作中,既要教育公民自觉遵守法律,更要教育公民敢于拿起法律的武器,积极行使防卫权利。

Analysis of the Procedural Issues in the Guidelines on Justifiable Defense

The Guidelines on justifiable defense are of great significance for correctly handling cases involving justifiable defense. In collecting evidence, the investigation organ should attach importance to the evidence that can prove the existence of infrigement and collect it in a timely manner. When handling cases involving justifiable defense in accordance with law, the police, prosecution and courts shall, in particular, pay special attention to opinions of the defensing party, timely disclose case information and respond to public concerns. A decision of exoneration shall be made right away once justifiable defense is established in a case. However, it seems inappropriate to apply the leniency appliable to guilty-plea cases to all cases of excessive defense. The use of jurors in such cases should bring into full play of their strengths and avoid their disadvantages. In different phases of a case involving justifiable defense, emphasis shall be given to the interpretation and analysis of law, especially to the victims and their family members. In public legal education, we should not only educate citizens to consciously abide by the law, but also encourage them to use law as weapons and actively exercise their self-defense rights.