1950～1970年几个不同年代女性同期群婚姻及家庭生活管窥--基于人口学视角

从中国传统婚姻模式———普婚的视角切入，跟踪考察新中国成立以来1950年代、1960年代和1970年代几个不同年代初婚同期群女性的初婚持续时间及婚姻现况，得出的结论是：其一，新中国成立以来中国女性不仅一直沿袭普婚的传统婚姻模式，且初婚持续时间及婚姻关系保持不变的时间一般至终老，如果没有死亡这个不可抗力因素，60％左右的中国女性守望初婚并有偶者能够长达50年之久，且几个年代女性同期群均基本如此。其二，守望婚姻其实更本质的是守望家庭，对现阶段的老年女性而言，婚姻和家庭是唯一能够维持她们老年生活的基本保障。微薄的或几乎为零的养老金对她们而言，不如守望婚姻、守望家庭更可靠。养老是中国女性沿袭并不断维护传统婚姻模式的最重要的因素。即使在21世纪的头一二十年，这个基本事实仍然存在，这个基本判断仍然没有过时。

An Overview of Same -age Groups’Marital and Family Life from 1950 to 1970:A Demographic Approach

From the perspective of Chinese traditional type of marriage—universal marriage,this study traces the length of first marriage and marital life of same -age female groups’over various ages like 1950s,1960s,1970s and etc.The findings are as follows.First,the type of universal marriage had been performed by Chinese women for five decades since the founding of new China;their first marriage and marital status usually lasted to the very end of their life;if not for premature death,60% of Chinese women would stick to their first marriage and keep a spouse for over 50 years;the same -age groups of different ages shared the same pattern.Second,safeguarding marriage was equal to safeguarding family,which was especially true to old women for whom marriage and family were the only support to their aged life.The trivial pension was not so reliable as marital relationships and fami-lies.Thus the major reason for Chinese women to cling to and safeguard the traditional marriage norms was to sup-port for their aged life,which is still the simple fact and judgement in the first two decades of 21st century.