辛亥革命前革命派力倡共和政体及其历史抉择之评析

辛亥革命前 ,孙中山为首的革命派力倡共和政体 ,基于三方面认识 :清政府是满族建立的政府 ,革命成功之后 ,不能再建立由满族人作为君主的君主立宪政体 ,必须建立共和政体 ;采取共和政体 ,可抑制“豪杰”争雄之“野心” ,达到“一劳永逸”之目的 ;中国社会已具备了实现“共和政体”的基本条件。辛亥革命烈火中诞生的资产阶级共和政体 ,虽是进步的、革命的抉择 ,但却无法与中国社会机体有机地结合。资产阶级“共和政体”是不符合中国基本国情的尴尬抉择。

Republican Ideas Advocated by Revolutionaries before the 1911 Revolution and Their Historic Choice

Before the 1911 Revolution, revolutionaries led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen advocated a republican political entity for three reasons: first, the Qing court was a Manchu government, the success of the revolution should lead to a republic instead of another constitutional monarch headed by a Manchu ruler; second, a republic could restrain the ambitions of warlords once and for all; third, the basic conditions for establishing a republic had matured in China. Although the bourgeois republic born in the struggles of the 1911 Revolution was progressive and revolutionary choice, it failed to combine itself with the Chinese society. The bourgeois republic was an awkward choice which was unsuitable to the basic conditions in China.