真正身份犯中无身份共同正犯的处罚依据--兼论贪污罪的司法适用问题

身份犯中，纯正的身份犯其身份具有构成要件要素的性质，如贪污罪中的国家工作人员身份。非具有身份者不能单独构成犯罪，但刑法规定可以与有身份者构成共同正犯，但其处罚依据在学理上存在疑问。处罚非身份共同正犯的依据并不在于形式的不法与有责身份分离说（结果无价值论），也不能从基础单薄的法律拟制说中找寻正当依据。承认真正身份犯中非身份行为人责任与具有身份的行为人责任具有连带性质，是解决此类身份犯处罚依据的可行理论途径，此解释路径也可纠正相关身份犯罪非身份共同正犯的司法适用中的错误做法。

The Foundation of Punishment for Coprincipal Without Standard Status Crime---Concurrent Study on the Judicial Application of Corruption

The definition of standard status crime is that status becomes a necessary part of the constitution of the crime.For example , only government officials can be the criminals of the crime of corruption .One without the status can not constitute a crime alone , but he could be the coprincipal with that with status according to the crimi-nal law, even though there are questions about its foundation of punishment in theory .The punishment for the coprincipal without status can be based neither on the theory of the illegality in form and the separation with status responsible for legal consequence （ theory of null effect ） , nor on the theory of legal fiction .Then what is its viable foundation？The answer is that the one without status in standard status crime should be accepted as having the joint and several liability with the one with status , which can put the mistakes in the judicial application right at the same time.