Models of Reason, Types of Principles and Reasoning. Historical Comments and Theoretical Outlines

Abstract. The author distinguishes between scientific and prudential reason (practical wisdom) in Aristotle with reference to the nature of the principles assumed as premises, and to the method of inference. In the history of thought these two models of reason are elieved not only to be proper to science and, respectively, ethics, but also, at times, to be the scientific model proper to ethics (for example, in natural law doctrines) and the prudential model proper to science. Mixed models are also given in the history of thought: scientific-prudential (for example, in Thomas Aquinas) and prudential-scientific. Furthermore, some aspects of the relationship between authority and reason are examined.