| 环境侵权归责原则之反思与重构——基于学说和实践的视角 |
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| 引用本文： | 张宝.环境侵权归责原则之反思与重构——基于学说和实践的视角[J].现代法学,2011,33(4):89-96. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张宝 |
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| 作者单位： | 中南财经政法大学,湖北武汉,430073 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社科基金重大招标项目“环境友好型社会中的环境侵权救济机制研究”(06ZD&034); 湖南省社科基金项目“环境法与民法双重视域下环境侵权的创新研究”(2010YBB004); 中南财经政法大学博士生科研创新项目“《侵权责任法》中的环境侵权责任研究”(2010B0504) |
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| 摘 要： | 归责原则是环境侵权制度的核心和关键,考察现行归责原则理论和实践不难发现,学说上存在过错责任与无过错责任之争,立法上面临《物权法》和《侵权责任法》的抵牾,实践中不同类型案件适用不同的归责原则。这三重悖论的根源,在于环境侵权未能依据环境学规律区分为拟制型污染侵权和实质型污染侵权,进而适用相应的归责原则:实质型污染侵权适用无过错责任;拟制型污染侵权适用过错推定责任,超标视为过错,在双方均无过错时,则以公平责任作为损失分担的原则。
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| 关 键 词： | 环境侵权 归责原则 拟制型污染 实质型污染 无过错责任 过错推定责任 |
Reconsideration and Reconstruction of Imputation Principle of Environmental Tort:A Theoretical-Practical Overview |
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| ZHANG Bao.Reconsideration and Reconstruction of Imputation Principle of Environmental Tort:A Theoretical-Practical Overview[J].Modern Law Science,2011,33(4):89-96. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Bao |
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| Institution: | ZHANG Bao (Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China) |
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| Abstract: | Imputation principle is a key issue in environmental tort.However, it is not difficult to find that in theory there exists inconsistency of fault liability and non-fault liability, in legislation the conflict between the Property Act and the Tort Liability Act, and in practice the fact that the imputation principles applied in different cases vary greatly.The reason of the paradoxes lies in that environmental tort fails to be subdivided into pollution fiction and substantial pollution based on ecology rules... |
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| Keywords: | environmental tort imputation principle pollution fiction substantial pollution non-fault liability presumption of fault |
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