中国城市社会管理体制及其变革

城市化过程中,人口结构、空间结构、社区类型和环境、社会需求结构的变化,对传统的城市社会管理体制提出了新的要求,原有的社会管理体制机制已经难以适应形势的变化和要求,迫切需要建立健全新型的城市管理体制。虽经多次改革调整,现有中国城市社会管理体制仍然面临诸多困境,一是仍然习惯于行政管控,服务与管理没有很好结合;二是外来人口尚未真正纳入城市社会管理体制内,社会融入和社会融合存在困难;三是缺乏顶层设计,党政机构职能和机构设置不够科学合理;四是社会组织发育滞后,不能适应城市社会发展需要;五是社区建设面临诸多困难,社区居民社区认同度不高,社区自治程度低;六是城市社会管理法律法规和相关制度建设滞后,造成不同社会群体在城市空间资源占有和使用上新的不平等。

Chinese Urban Social Management System and Its Reform

In the process of urbanization,new demands are raised by the changes in population structure,spatial structure,community types and environments,and social demand structure to the traditional system of urban social management.The current system and mechanism of social management system can hardly adapt to these changes and demands.There is urgent need to establish and develop a new type of urban management system.Even though being reformed and adjusted for several rounds,the current Chinese urban social management system still faces multiple predicaments such as follows：firstly,executive control is still accustomed to while service has not been well integrated with management;secondly,internal immigrants have not been truly accommodated into urban social management system and there exist difficulties for social adaptation and social integration;thirdly,there exists a lack of top-level design,and the functional and organizational settings for Party and government branches are not sufficiently scientific or rational;fourthly,there exists a lag between the development of social organizations and the demands for urban social development;fifthly,community building faces various difficulties including low level of community identification among community residents and low degree of community autonomy;sixthly,the laws,regulations,and relevant institutions for urban social management lag behind and therefore brings new inequality among different social groups in occupying and using the spatial resources in the cities.