信义义务下的美国小股东保护制度及其借鉴

由于封闭公司的异质性，多数决原则、集中控制、商业判断规则等传统的公司规范不适宜于封闭公司。为此，美国制定法和判例法不断修正和调整信义义务规范，通过宽泛地适用信义义务规则，课以公司控制者更严格的信义义务要求和标准，加重其信义义务责任，甚至类比适用合伙原则，给予小股东，特别是小型封闭公司小股东充分、有效的保护和救济，值得我们借鉴。

American Institution of Minority shareholders' Protections Based on Fiduciary Duties and its Implications

Based on the difference of closely held corporation from the publicly held corporations, the traditional corporation norms of the majority rule, centered control, Business judgment rule and etc. are inapplicable to the closed corporation. So the statutes and judicial decisions of the United States keep modifying its statutory norms and changing the norms of the fiduciary duties to apply broadly the fiduciary duty rules and impose a strict fiduciary duty requirements and standards on those controlling the co...