权利外“行为自由”的规制

我国因缺乏对基本权利的权威解释,以致目前出现了因禁乞、限制设置室外可见的室内广告等引发的行政合法性危机。基于我国国情,我们无法照搬西方宪政的经验,而只能创造出"权利外行为自由"的概念,将不为法律限制也不受法律保护的行为纳入其中。这样的自由对国家权力仅具弱拘束力。根据对我国《宪法》文本的学理解释,国家有权对权利外行为自由进行规制,但对不具负外部性的行为和不具规制必要性的行为,国家不得规制。为保障规制权不被滥用,规制主体有义务作出让公众信服的理由说明,确保不存在"多数人的偏见"和"少数人的偏见"。

Regulation on Behavior Freedom Outside in the Right

For lack of authentic interpretation of the fundamental right in China,there are crises about administrative legality aroused by banning begging,restricting outdoor visible indoor advertisement,and etc.Considering China’s national conditions,we cannot copy western constitutionalism experience,and can only create a "behavior freedom outside in the right",which is used to protect those behavior neither received legal restrictions also not protected by law.This kind of freedom can only binding the state power weakly.According to the academic interpretation on the text of Chinese constitution,State has the power to regulate behavior freedom outside in the right,but may not regulate those behavior which do not have negative externalities and necessity to be regulated.In order to ensure the regulatory power not to be misused,regulatory authority have the obligation to provide the public with convincing reasons,ensure that there are no "most people prejudice"and "minority prejudice".