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Issues and opportunities: The application of the numerical likelihood ratio framework to forensic speaker comparison
Institution:1. National Institute of Criminalistics, Brazilian Federal Police, SAIS Quadra 07 Lote 23, 70610-200, Brasília, DF, Brazil;2. National Institute of Advanced Analytical Science and Technology (INCTAA), Campinas, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025, India;2. Learning and Extraction of Acoustic Patterns (LEAP) Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India;1. Clare College, Cambridge CB2 1TL, United Kingdom;2. School of Humanities, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
Abstract:Across forensic speech science, the likelihood ratio (LR) is increasingly becoming accepted as the logically and legally correct framework for the expression of expert conclusions. However, there remain a number of theoretical and practical shortcomings in the procedures applied for computing LRs based on speech evidence. In this paper we review how the LR is currently applied to speaker comparison evidence and outline three specific areas which deserve further investigation: namely statistical modelling, issues relating to the relevant population and the combination of LRs from correlated parameters. We then consider future directions for confronting these issues and discuss the implications for forensic comparison evidence more generally.
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