论非法证据排除的程序规制

新刑诉法关于非法证据排除的创新规定所体现的中国特色,在具有较为强大的制度、实践优势的同时,也存在因难以满足排除机制的内在要求而可能发生的"刑事程序失灵"风险。规避风险的有效路径,在于足量掺入确保诉讼功能平衡、增强排除诉讼特性的要素,以规避潜在的"任意排除"、"关门排除"、"自我排除"、"差异排除"风险。具体设置上,一是可对应非法证据排除的两种不同排除模式,分别采用"排除合理怀疑"和"优势证据"的证明标准;二是应以确保惩罚犯罪与保障人权两大诉讼功能的适度动态平衡为设置标准,审慎、合理地拟制非法证据排除的操作程序。

On Procedural Regulation of Exclusion of Illegal Evidence

The Chinese characteristics embodied by innovative provisions concerning exclusion of illegal evidence in new Criminal Procedure Law have relatively powerful advantage on aspects of system and practice.Meanwhile,they are likely to be at risks of improper work of criminal procedures caused by the difficulty of meeting internal requirements of exclusionary mechanism.The effective approach to avoiding risks lies in the adequate elements which ensure balance of litigation and strengthen features of excluding litigation.In this way,some potential risks such as arbitrary exclusion,closed exclusion,self-exclusion,and differences exclusion can be avoided.In specific practice,Firstly,two testifying criteria such as ＂exclusion of reasonable suspicion＂ and ＂advantageous evidence＂ shall be adopted respectively,corresponding to different modes of exclusion of illegal evidence.Secondly,based on criteria of ensuring moderately dynamic balance of two litigation functions of crime punishment and human rights protection,operational procedures of exclusion of illegal evidence shall be formulated carefully and reasonably.