| 摘 要： | It has been a controversial issue in the past thirty-odd years in academic
circles at home and abroad whether China’s economic rise as a unique development
model sustains and supplements the world system or brings an end to it. This article
makes an analysis of the basic features of the three historical stages of the world
system established 500 years ago from the perspective of the relationship between the
world system and the rise and fall of countries. The analysis finds that the stages of
mercantilism (1500-1750/1800), liberal economy (1800/1850-1914/1945) and mixed
economy (1945-2030) were mainly based respectively on “geographical discovery” and
“colonialism,” “industrial revolution” and “free trade,” and “economic globalization”
and “system innovation.” For the above-mentioned reasons, “geographical discovery,”
“international trade and finance,” “science and technology” and “international
institutions and mechanisms” are the four fundamental driving forces that the world
system has depended on for its existence for 500 years. The world system provided
a context for the rise and fall of each individual country in the past 500 years, while
the economic success China has achieved in the past three decades mainly benefits
from its constant integration into this world system still in existence today. Therefore,
the challenge to China in its future development will come, to a great extent, from
the world system and its impact on China’s domestic politics, economy and social
structure.
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