潜规则生发机制及其遏制——兼论吏治规范

潜规则是官场正式规则背后的另类规则，它像癌细胞一样寄生于正式规则又不断地侵蚀着正式规则。正式规则下的自由裁量权和官员的个人理性是潜规则生存的充分必要条件，基于个人理性的自组织(self—organizing)机制则是潜规则得以扩张的根本原因。潜规则遏制的核心问题是如何提高控制的有效性，在当前的转型期社会，吏治规范的主要思路是强化人民代表大会的监督职能，建立相对独立的监督行政体系。

Latent Rules: Mechanism of Occurring, Expanding and Restraining

Latent rules are of otherwise rules that live on but erode the formal rules. Administrative discretion under the formal rules and individual reason of administrators serve as the sufficient and necessary condition of the occurrence of latent rules, while the self -organizing mechanism based on individual reason forms the fundamental ground of the expansion of these rules. Therefore, the key issue of restraining the latent rules lies in the effectiveness of controlling. In the present society of transformation, the principle of administration is to reinforce the supervising functions of the People' s Congress and establish a relatively independent supervision system.