司法鉴定领域分类和能力范围表述的国内外比较研究

对司法鉴定领域开展科学、有效的分类,进行统一规范的能力范围表述,有助于建立完整的司法鉴定标准化体系,能为司法鉴定机构合理规划组织结构、准确定位发展方向提供指引,也能为司法鉴定行业管理部门的规范化管理提供帮助。对该领域分类和能力表述开展国内外比较分析,是实现上述目标的基础性研究。目前我国在司法鉴定领域的分类方法尚未统一,与国外法庭科学认可分类方法相比,尚有部分项目未纳入分类范围之内;国内能力范围表述在目的、方式、详细程度上与国外相比亦有不同。本文对国内外行业管理组织和国际权威认可机构司法鉴定领域分类及能力范围表述进行了比较分析,研究解析其内容及差异,并提出了制定司法鉴定领域分类国家标准、扩展司法鉴定领域分类内容、适时调整司法鉴定能力范围表述内容等建议。

Sino-overseas Forensic Science Branches Compared of Their Classifi cation and Expression of Identification Scope

Forensic science branches require to be classified into their appropriate scope.Such a task has always been being carried out scientifi cally and effectively so that the expression of relevant identifi cation scope is on the way of unifi cation and standardizing.Accordingly,assistance could be therewith provided to establish a complete standardization system of forensic expertise;guidance could be offered for forensic institutions to reasonably plan their organizational setup and accurately orient development direction;standardized administration could be supported with the competent governmental authorities.The comparison of Sino-overseas classification and expression of identification scope about forensic science branches is among the foundations to make the related task achieved better.Yet,China classification methods in forensic science are expected to be further unifi ed,with some items of foreign methods being not included and differences existing between their expressions of identification scope.This paper made a Sino-overseas comparative analysis about forensic science branches of their classifi cation and expression of identifi cation scope,illustrating the practice and operations with the administrative organizations and international authoritative accreditation institutions,parsing the mentioned specifi cs and discrepancies.Therefore,suggestions are assuredly put forward that national standards should be formulated on classifi cation of China forensic science,classifi cation coverage expanded,and the expressed items/contents of eligible identifi cation scope adjusted timely.