论英美财产法中的产权概念及其制度功能

相对于大陆法系财产法以所有权为起点展开的逻辑演绎,英美财产法中存在着一个特有的核心概念——产权(title),其上负载有相对性的特征,由此展开了个案主义的情境思维办法——在具体案情背景下比较各方权利或利益的具体内容,然后断其高下,对其中相对较优的产权给予保护。产权的这种相对性特征来自于英美财产法形成历史上所有权向占有的拟制。对于当代比较法学,这种研究不仅能够为我们提供一定的制度功能,还有更重要的方法论意义。

On the Concept of Title and Its Systematical Function in the Property Law of Anglo - American Legal System

In comparison to the logical deduction started from ownership in the property law of Continental Legal System, there is a particular kernel conception existing in that of Anglo-American Legal System, i. e. , title. Title has the characteristic of relativity, so that the Anglo- American property law could operate in the way of falldenken, comparing the material contents of the rights or interests claimed by each party in the context of a particular case, and then judging whether they are good or bad to grant the protection to the better one. This characteristic of relativity of title has come from the historical fiction by the ownership to the possession in the evolving process of Anglo - American Legal System. For the modem comparative law, such study not only offers us some institutional functions, but also reminds us its methodological importance.