“受过行政处罚入罪”规定之证成

2013年以来我国刑事司法解释有一明显趋势,即将行为人曾经受过行政处罚的事实作为定罪情节,纳入犯罪成立与否的考量之中。对这一现象,我国刑法学界多从刑事犯罪行为与行政违法行为"质"的差异,或者客观主义刑法观的角度出发予以否定。但是,在我国"定性+定量"的刑事立法模式下,刑事犯罪行为与行政违法行为以"量"的差异为主、质的差异为辅,行政违法性"量的累加"可以产生刑事违法性。"受过行政处罚入罪"的规定综合考虑了行为的客观危害程度和行为人的主观可谴责性程度,不仅不违反罪刑法定原则、禁止重复评价原则和责任主义原则等定罪时应坚持的一些基本原则,还有利于弥补劳动教养废除后的制度空白,调整我国"结果本位"的刑法结构,实现行政处罚与刑事处罚的有效衔接。

Justification of the Provision of“Having Been Administrative Sanctions Is a Condition of Conviction”

Since 2013 there has been a clear trend in criminal justice interpretation in China.The fact that the perpetrator has been administrative sanctions is taken as a conviction plot and is included in the consideration of the establishment of the crime.For this phenomenon,China’s criminal law scholars mostly have the negative attitude in perspective of the boundary between the criminal behavior and the administrative illegal behavior or the criminal objectivism view.However,under the criminal legislation model of"qualitative+quantitative"in China,criminal offenses and administrative violations are mainly distinguish by quantity,so administrative illegality’s"accumulation of quantity"will inevitably lead to criminal illegality.The provision of"Having been administrative sanctions is a condition of conviction"not only do not violate the principle of legality of crimes,the principle of repeated evaluation and the principle of responsibility,but also help to make up for the system gap after the abolition of labor education in China,adjust the criminal law structure of"outcomes-based",set up the effective connection between administrative sanctions and criminal punishment.