民法典离婚损害赔偿制度法律适用的疑难问题

离婚损害赔偿在性质上属离异损害赔偿,与夫妻间侵权责任彼此独立但存在一定的交叉。《民法典》第1091条新增"其他重大过错"的范围应以是否严重违反家庭义务或家庭伦理,以至于威胁到共同生活的可能性作为判断标准。重大过错行为与离婚之间因果关系的认定应采推定原则。离婚赔偿范围仅指因离婚造成的精神损害,而不包括财产损害;离婚精神损害赔偿金数额的确定应将与婚姻家庭有关的特殊因素纳入考量范畴。为避免双重赔偿与过度惩罚,在司法实践中,应注意离婚损害赔偿制度与离婚财产分割之照顾无过错方原则以及夫妻间侵权责任制度的协调适用。

On Difficulties in the Application of Divorce Damages Compensation of the Civil Code

The divorce damage compensation is a kind of compensation for damages caused for dissolution of marriage to the no-fault spouse,which is very different from the interposal tort liability.The scope of the newly added"other major fault"in Article1091 of the Civil Code should be based on whether it seriously violates family obligations or family ethics,so as to threaten the possibility of living together.The determination of the causality between"grave fault"and divorce should adopt the presumption principle.The scope of divorce damage compensation only refers to the mental damage caused by divorce.To determine the amount of compensation for divorce mental damage,special factors related to marriage and family should be taken into consideration.In judicial practice,attention should be paid to the coordinated application of the divorce damage compensation,the principle of favor the no-fault party in dividing the property of divorce,and the interposal tort liability to avoid double compensation and excessive punishment.