日本预审制度介评

明治维新以前的日本没有产生现代预审制度。明治维新后，日本仿照法国法建立了法国式的预审制度。第二次世界大战后，在美国法的强烈影响下，日本从人权保障的需要出发，废除了法国式的预审制度，但并没有仿照美国建立起美国式的预审制度，而是形成了具有日本特色的新的预审制度：原由预审法官行使的部分预审职权分别由司法警察职员、检察官和侦查法官行使；实行检察官起诉独占主义和起诉便宜主义，起到了预审的功能；检察审查会具有对检察官起诉进行审查之功用；付审判请求程序亦具有一定的起诉审查功能。

Introduction and Evaluation of Japan's Pretrial System

Before Meiji restoration,there was no modern pretrial system in Japan.After the restoration,Japan established a pretrial system of French pattern.After WWⅡ,under the influence of American law and in order to protect human rights,Japan abolished the French pattern.Instead of establishing the American pattern,Japan formed a new pretrial system of Japanese characteristics: partial power of the pretrial judge was executed by judicial police,prosecutor and investigating judge;carrying out exclusiveness of prosecution and the doctrine of prosecuting discretion;examinational committee examines prosecutor's prosecution;trial appealing procedure also has the function of indictment investigation.