经济转型时期物权立法的一面镜子——以俄罗斯的国家所有权立法为鉴

俄罗斯对国家所有权的规定体现了其社会转型的特点。它赋予国家所有权与其他种类所有权平等的法律地位,实现了国家所有权主体和客体的多元化。在国家所有权的实现方式上采用了两种不同的权利安排:一是对国有单一制企业和机构保留国家的所有权,该单一制企业和机构本身享有他物权性质的经营权和业务管理权;二是通过法人所有权作为一种中介性概念实现国家所有权。此外,俄罗斯国家所有权的取得方式、消灭和保护也都有自己的特点。我国要坚持社会主义方向,国家所有权的意义自然与俄罗斯不同,但物权法也应设计出最适合自己国情的国家所有权制度。

A Mirror of Real Right Law in the Period of Economic Turn: By Reference of Russian State Ownership Legislation

Legislation of the Russian Federal about state ownership embodies the characteristics of a social turn which provides that state ownership has the same legal status as other ownerships and diversifies the subject and object of state ownership.Two ways ensure the smooth exercise of the right of state ownership:(1) as to unitary state-owned enterprises and institutions,state ownership is preserved while such enterprises and institutions per se have operational and managerial power that bears the nature of jus in re aliena;(2) state ownership is exercised by a legal person who serves as an intermediary.Furthermore,the acquirement,extinction and protection of Russian state ownership also has important features.However,in socialist China,the meaning of state ownership is surely different from that in Russia.Anyhow,the Real Right Act of the PRC will endeavor to design a state ownership regime that is most suitable to China's specific situation.