信仰·仪式·神话——“产翁”与“射日”习俗解析

"产翁"即男子"坐月子",是唐至清代广泛流行于中国南方壮侗语族先民中的一类特殊习俗。与"射日"有关的神话在中国也曾广泛流行,西南地区苗瑶族群中至今流传,甚至遗有表演这一神话的"射日舞"。分析发现,二者均是古之某种仪式的遗存。其中,"产翁"之俗是人们相信男子"坐月子"可保母子平安信仰下的一种仪式,它的出现或与南方湿热气候下初生儿的存活率有关。而"射日神话",本是对"射日"仪式的解释,"射日"是人们在旱灾中登高以箭射日的一种仪式,基于人们相信如此可驱退酷热的信仰,其或与发生在距今4000年前后的气候异常有关。

Faith,Ritual and Myth——An Analysis of the Custom about "Chan Weng" and "Shooting"

"Chan Weng"is a kind of special custom of Zhuang-Dong language family in Southern China from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.The myth about"Shooting"has spread widely in Yao and Miao ethnic groups in southwest China,and even left a performance of the myth,"Shooting dance."Both are the remains of some kinds of ancient rituals.The custom of"Chan Weng"is a ritual with a belief that people believe man’s"confinement"can protect both mother and child,it may associate with the birth and survival rates for children under hot and humid climate in southern China."Shooting myth",is an interpretation of the"Shooting"ceremony,and"shooting"is a ritual that people climb to shot sun by arrows in drought-days.The ancient people believed that the torridity would be driven back after the ceremony.This faith may relate to the anomaly of climate 4,000 years ago.