论第三方物流合同违约责任的归责原则

20世纪末,第三方物流迅速发展,由传统第三方物流逐渐向现代整合性第三方物流过渡,相应地,第三方物流合同也逐渐从传统的运输、仓储合同向类型结合型的第三方物流合同转化。这种类型结合型的第三方物流合同系无名合同,其裁判依据包括双方之间订立的第三方物流合同本身（包括补充协议、体系解释、交易习惯）和民事法律规范。从双方之间订立的第三方物流合同角度而言,其违约责任多采用的是严格责任归责原则。从民事法律规范的角度来说,基于个案中能否确认货损发生的区间,第三方物流合同适用不同的违约责任的归责原则,或适用《中华人民共和国合同法》总则的严格责任原则,或适用损失确认区间适用法律的违约责任的归责原则。

On the principles of the imputation of breach of the third party logistics contracts

In the late 20th century,the third party logistics（TPL）developed quickly from the traditional TPL to the modern integrated TPL,correspondingly,TPL contract developed from the traditional contract of transport or storage to the unnamed TPL contracts with different kinds of duties of the TPL operator.The TPL contracts itself（including the complementary contracts,the interpretation by the judge on the whole contract and the deal habit）and the civil law and regulation are the basis for the court to judge the particular case.From the point of the TPL contract,the principle of imputation of the breach of the contract is mainly the principle of no-fault liability agreed by the parties of the contracts.From the point of the civil law and regulation,different principles of imputation of the breach will apply based on the situation whether the loss of the goods in the particular case can be identified or not.If the loss of the goods can be ascertained to have taken place in some stage,the principle of the imputation of breach will be ascertained according to the law applied to the stage.If the loss of the goods can＇t be ascertained to have taken place in some stage,the principle of no-fault liability under general principle of the Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China will apply.