电信网络诈骗犯罪侦查管辖制度的反思与调整

为了解决电信网络诈骗犯罪与传统侦查管辖之间的结构性冲突,刑事司法在横向上发展出“多地共管”“人案关联”的“大侦查管辖”格局,在纵向上建立起侦查管辖决定审判管辖(包括起诉管辖)的“侦查管辖中心”模式。但大侦查管辖格局导致不同地域公安机关的横向管辖冲突,侦查管辖中心模式又引发公检法机关的纵向管辖争议。考虑到公安机关条块分割的侦查体制与电信网络诈骗犯罪打击治理的现实困境,大侦查管辖仍是刑事司法当前相对合理的选择,但应优化地域管辖与指定管辖制度,减少不同地方公安机关之间的横向管辖冲突;同时,刑事司法需要把“以侦查管辖为中心”调整为“以侦查管辖为导向”,承认侦查管辖的指引功能,但应完善公检法机关的纵向管辖争议协调机制。

Reflection and Readjustment on the Investigation JurisdictionSystem of Telecom Network Fraud

In order to solve the structural conflict between the crime of telecom network fraud and the traditional investigation jurisdiction, the criminal justice has horizontally developed the pattern of “large investigation jurisdiction” of “multi place co management” and “person case connection”, and has vertically established the “investigation jurisdiction centralism” mode that investigation jurisdiction determines trial jurisdiction (including prosecution jurisdiction). However, the pattern of large-scale investigation jurisdiction leads to the horizontal jurisdiction conflict of public security organs in different regions, and the centrality of investigation jurisdiction has triggered the vertical jurisdiction disputes of public security, procuratorial and judicial organs. In view of the practical dilemma of the investigation system of the public security organs and the fight against and governance of the telecom network fraud, the jurisdiction of large-scale investigation is still a relatively reasonable choice for criminal justice at present, but the regional jurisdiction and the designated jurisdiction system should be optimized to reduce the horizontal jurisdiction conflict between different local public security organs. At the same time, criminal justice should adjust “taking investigation jurisdiction as the center” to “taking investigation jurisdiction as the guidance”, recognize the guiding function of investigation jurisdiction, but should improve the vertical jurisdiction dispute coordination mechanism of public security organs.