人民法院在学位撤销案件中如何进行审查——基于司法审查强度的裁判反思

通过对1998年至2020年我国各级人民法院公开发布的学位撤销案件进行爬梳可以发现,高校撤销学位的事由主要集中在学历证明伪造和科研论文造假,兼有学术性和非学术性;法院对高校撤销学位决定的司法审查强度基于事实认定、法律适用和法律程序的不同而存在差异性的界分。为了维系学术自由与司法审查之间的平衡,并实质性地解决教育行政争议,人民法院应根据学术性事由和非学术性事由、正式程序和非正式程序的区分来建构二元化的事实认定审查标准,强化对学位撤销构成要件审查的释法说理,并审慎对待学位撤销决定的程序违法、审慎适用撤销判决,避免"程序空转"和"虚置诉讼"。

On the Review of the People’s Court in Cases of Revoking the Academic Degree--Reflection on Judgments from the Perspective of Intensity of Judicial Review

Through analyzing cases of revoking the academic degree published by people’s courts of China(hereinafter referred to as"the Courts")from 1998 to 2020,it is found that the causes for universities and colleges to revoke the academic degree focus on falsified diploma and academic misconduct,enjoying both academic and non-academic natures;there are obvious distinctions in the intensity of judicial review of the Courts over universities and colleges’decisions on revoking the academic degree on basis of differences in facts finding,legal application and legal process.In order to maintain the balance between the academic freedom and judicial review,and substantively resolve educational administrative disputes,the Courts should establish dual review standards for facts finding according to the distinction between academic causes and non-academic causes,formal procedure and informal procedure,emphasize the rules interpretation and reasoning in the review over constituents for revoking the academic degree,and prudently deal with the procedural illegality of the decision of revoking the academic degree,prudently render a judgment of revoking such decision,so as to avoid the"meaningless process"and"valueless litigation".