论故意危害孕妇妊娠的刑事责任

故意危害孕妇妊娠在刑事司法和刑事法理论中被视为故意伤害胎儿,但其定性一直是一个极具争议的难题。对此,司法实务中存在无罪与故意伤害罪两种截然不同的判例,这有损司法的权威,亦破坏法制的统一,更是对国民的不公正。在刑法理论中亦存在无罪说和故意伤害罪说。刑法典第336条规定的非法进行节育手术罪表明,故意伤害胎儿的行为应当作为犯罪处理,因此,无罪说值得检讨。故意伤害罪说,超出了国民预测的可能性,是现代刑法所禁止的类推解释。增设＂伤害胎儿罪＂与＂恶意伤害胎儿罪＂的见解未能正确区分胎儿发育的阶段性特征,且存在罪名不科学之弊。因此,为了有效保护胎儿的健康发育,有必要对孕妇妊娠实行分阶段保护,并在刑法典中分别增设＂非法终止妊娠罪＂和＂故意伤害胎儿罪＂。

Research on Criminal Responsibility of Intentionally Endangering Woman Pregnancy

Intentionally Endangering Woman Pregnancy is considered as intentionally inflicting injury upon fetus in criminal judicature and criminal theory.But its definition of the nature is always a troublesome problem.There were quite different judgments of innocence and crime of intentional injury about it in judicial practice.It caused damage upon the judicial authority,destroyed legal system unity and made the citizen unfairly treated.There are also two different opinions of innocence and crime of intentional injury about intentionally inflicting injury upon fetus.Crime of unlawfully performing a contraception operation according to the provision of Article 336 in Criminal Law Code indicates that intentionally inflicting injury upon fetus shall be considered a crime,so the opinion of innocence is worth review.The opinion of crime of intentional injury exceeds the possibility of citizens’ forecasting,so it is an analogical interpretation forbidden by modern Criminal Law.The opinion of addition of crime of inflicting injury upon fetus or crime of maliciously inflicting injury upon fetus cannot distinguish stage characteristics of fetal development,and the charges are unscientific.Therefore,to protect fetus healthy development,it is necessary to supplement crime of unlawfully terminating gestation and crime of intentionally inflicting injury upon fetus.