民国时期中越边境对汛管理中的司法实践及其困局--以麻栗坡对汛督办档案为中心的分析

19世纪末中法战争结束后,中法两国历经十余年勘定了粤越、桂越、滇越三段边界并创设对汛制度,以管理中越边务问题。中越对汛制度的确立与实施,对中国南方边疆国防、外交等治理与开发有着重要意义。以往学界多聚焦于对汛设置与管理模式上的制度梳理,对涉及边民社会具体事件的研究甚少。对汛督办遗存下来的行政档案所记录的相关司法案件及其办理过程,揭示了对汛制度运行过程中具体的司法、行政事件所面临的多元复杂状况。由此层面观之,对汛督办的职能转变及其行政实践既是观察中越边境地区社会历史发展的重要参照,同时也反映出了边民社会中不同行为主体展现的能动性及边地社会复杂多元的图景,这为以边民为核心的边疆民族研究提供了制度运作与区域社会历史脉络参照。

Judicial Practice and Dilemma in the Duixun Management of Sino-Vietnam Borders in the Period of the Republic of China: An Analysis of Malipo's Archives of the Duixun Control Supervision Office

After the Sino-French war in the late 19 th century, China and France had spent more than ten years in determining the Sino-Vietnam boundaries in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan, and had established the Duixun Control System to manage the border affairs between China and Vietnam. The establishment and implementation of the Duixun Control System involving China and Vietnam is of great significance to the governance and development of national defense and diplomacy in the southern border areas of China. In the past, the academic circles focused mainly on the system arrangement of Duixun control settings and management mode, but paid few attention to the study of specific events involving the border people. The related judicial cases recorded in the administrative files kept by the Duixun Control Supervision Office and their handling process revealed the multiple and complex situations faced by the specific judicial and administrative events in the operation of the Duixun Control System. From this point of view, the function transformation and administrative practice of the Duixun Control Office is not only an important reference to observe the social and historical development of China-Vietnam border areas, but also a reflection of the initiative of different actors and a complex and diverse picture of the border societies, which provides a reference of the system operation and the regional social and historical context to the border ethnic study with the border people as the core.