旅游精准扶贫对民族村落农户生计影响的比较——基于云贵民族村落的调查数据

发展旅游产业是我国新时期民族村落精准扶贫的重要抓手。在旅游精准扶贫背景下,有必要关注民族村落农户的可持续生计问题。文章选取云贵两种不同旅游扶贫模式的民族村落,对村民进行入户访谈和问卷调查,在DFID可持续生计框架下构建农户生计资本评价指标体系,对比分析其旅游精准扶贫对农户生计的影响。结果表明:不同旅游扶贫模式的村落精准施策不同;不同旅游扶贫模式农户的生计策略选择不同;不同旅游扶贫模式对贫困户的吸纳能力不同。总体上,民族村落农户的生计资本仍然有限,旅游参与型农户的生计资本相对较好,在精准帮扶影响下,除社会资本外,传统务农型农户多种生计资本欠缺。据此提出了其生计资本的提升对策。

Comparative Study on the Impact of Targeted Poverty Alleviation by Tourism on the Livelihood of Ethnic Village Farmers: A Survey Based on Yunnan and Guizhou Ethnic Villages in China

The development of tourism industry is an important hand in the targeted poverty alleviation of ethnic villages in the new era. The context of targeted poverty alleviation in tourism, is necessary to pay attention to the sustainable livelihood of ethnic village farmers. Two ethnic villages with different modes of targeted poverty alleviation through tourism in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in China were selected, the villagers were interviewed and investigated by questionnaire, and the evaluation index system of farmers’ livelihood capital was constructed under the framework of DFID sustainable livelihood.The impact of targeted poverty alleviation through tourism on farmers’ livelihood capital is comparative analyzed. The results showed that:Precision implementation of different tourism poverty alleviation models in villages is different. Different modes of poverty alleviation through tourism have different choices of farmers’ livelihood strategies. Different tourism poverty alleviation models have different absorptive capacity to poor households. The livelihoods capital of farmers is still limited. The material and resource capital of peasant households is relatively superior, human and social capital are in the middle, financial capital is low. Under the influence of targeted poverty alleviation through tourism, the livelihood capital of tourism participatory farmers is relatively good. In addition to social capital, the traditional agricultural farmers lack a variety of livelihood capital.Based on this, the paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve their livelihood capital.