“三孩”政策下生育保险制度的问题及普惠化改革

生育成本是阻碍公民生育意愿的重要因素,在“三孩”政策出台之后,其影响将更加明显。研究认为, 作为降低生育成本的主要措施,我国当前的生育保险制度在公平性、法治化、待遇水平和责任分担机制等方面 均有不足。为了促进国家人口政策目标的实现,有必要对生育保险制度进行“普惠化”改革。同时,由于具有 坚实的物质基础、法律基础和政策基础,这一改革路径也具有充分的可行性。研究建议,应当以“社会共同责任、 普遍性、奖励性”三大原则为指导,对生育保险制度在主体、缴费和待遇标准等方面进行适度改革。

Issues of Maternity Insurance System and Its Inclusively Preferential Reform Regarding the Three-Child Policy

Fertility costs are an important factor hampering citizens'' desire to have children, and their role becomes increasingly more apparent after the enactment of three-child policy. The current study holds that, as an important measure of reducing fertility cost, China''s current maternity insurance system is deficient in terms of fairness, legalization, level of treatment and responsibility sharing mechanism, etc. To promote the fulfi llment of the goal of the national population policy, it is necessary to carry out inclusively preferential reforms on the current maternity insurance system. Meanwhile, this path of reform is fully feasible due to its solid material, legal and policy foundations. The study suggests that the maternity insurance system, guided by the three principles of "social co-responsibility, universality, and incentive", should be moderately improved in terms of subjects, contributions, and treatment standards.