公法视域下的劳动者个人信息保护——以保障劳动者知情同意权为研究视角

近年来，随着算法等人工智能技术越来越多地运用于劳动者管理中，劳动者的个人信息保护短 板日渐凸显。劳动者的个人信息保护问题在实践中较为常见，相关司法案例数量也日趋增多。经过对司法案例 的分析，发现私法在保护劳动者个人信息方面表现欠佳：一是在算法黑箱下劳动者知情同意原则难以得到落实， 二是劳动者很难通过合同审查模式主张其个人信息权利。由于劳动关系的不平等属性和个人信息权利的工具属 性，有必要引入公法对劳动者的知情同意权进行保护。劳动者个人信息权益的保护有赖于以各地劳动监察部门 为中心的行政监管，此种路径优于事后司法进行的合同审查。具体而言，劳动监察部门应在监督用人单位落实 知情同意原则的同时，根据技术准则动态调整知情同意原则实施的具体标准，在个案判定劳动者个人信息是否 受到合理保护时使用分类收集标准。

On the Protection of Workers' Personal Information in the Public Law: A Research Perspective on Safeguarding the Right to Informed Consent of Workers

With the increasing use of artifi cial intelligence technologies such as algorithms in labor management, the shortcomings in the protection of workers'' personal information, in recent years, have become more prominent. The issue of personal information protection for workers is increasingly common in practice, with a growing number of related judicial cases. Through an analysis of judicial cases, it is found that the private law does not properly protect workers'' personal information to the full extent. First, the principle of informed consent for workers is diffi cult to implement under the algorithmic black box. Second, workers fi nd it challenging to assert their personal information rights through contract review models. Due to the unequal nature of labor relations and the instrumental nature of personal information rights, it is necessary to introduce the public law to protect workers'' right to informed consent. The protection of workers'' personal information rights relies on administrative supervision centered around labor inspection departments, which is superior to the contract review conducted by the judiciary after the fact. Specifi cally, labor inspection departments should supervise employers'' implementation of the principle of informed consent while dynamically adjusting the specifi c standards for implementing the principle based on technical criteria. Only when determining whether workers'' personal information is reasonably protected in individual cases, classifi cation collection criteria should be used.