网络平台的公共性及其实现——以电商平台的法律规制为视角

网络平台是组织生产力的新型主体,在数字经济时代承担着维护网络市场秩序、保障用户权益的公共职能。网络平台对其用户,特别是对平台内经营者,具有强大的支配力和影响力,此种平台权力属于典型的私权力。网络平台行使私权力有助于减少平台内经营行为的负外部性,弥补政府规制能力的不足,但其私权力也容易遭到滥用。除了要借助市场竞争机制和传统私法规范约束平台私权力,还有必要引入公法原理及其价值要求,对平台私权力进行适度干预。网络平台制定和实施规则时,应遵循基本的程序正义和实体正义标准。法院应对平台滥用私权力的行为进行必要的司法审查。立法者应根据权责利相统一的原则,科学合理地设置平台责任。

Public Nature of Internet Platform and Its Realization

Internet platforms,as new organizers of the productive force,undertake the public functions of maintaining the order of the online market and protecting the rights and interests of users in the era of digital economy.A platform has strong control and influence over its users,especially the operators on the platform,and such platform power is a typical private power.A platform has two major functions for exercising private power.One is to reduce the negative externalities of operating behaviors on the platform,and the other one is to make up for the lack of government regulatory capacity in the digital economy era.However,the private power of the platform is easy to be abused.China must regulate the private power of the platform by giving full play to the regulatory role of market competition and the normative functions of traditional private law,and by introducing the principles and the value requirements of public law to moderately intervene in the exercise of this power.In formulating and implementing rules,platforms should satisfy basic procedural justice and substantive justice standards.The court should conduct the necessary judicial review of the exercise of private power by platforms.And legislators should set up platform responsibilities scientifically and reasonably in accordance with the principle of the unity of power,responsibility and interest.