通过审查“行政惯例”启动中国违宪审查制度——一条渐进的路径

启动违宪审查关键是要实现从选择主体向选择对象的转变。行政惯例具有可能违宪性、可审查性、审查阻力小的特点，因此可首先通过各级人大及其常委会对行政惯例进行违宪审查，循序渐进地启动中国违宪审查制度：从授权组织的行政惯例到行政机关的行政惯例；从基层地方行政惯例到高层行政惯例；从不成文的行政惯例到成文的行政惯例；从行政惯例到法律、法规、规章，最终实现中国违宪审查的常规化。地方人大及其常委会应具有违宪审查权，以此为行政惯例的审查能从阻力较小的基层展开提供支撑。

Constructing the System of Unconstitutional Review through Censoring Administrative Tradition

Through systematic work the problem of how to bring the judicial review of cnstition into play can be solved. Realizing the transformation from subject choice to object choice is crucial to construct the system of unconstitutional review. Administrative tradition has the tendency of violating the constitution, and it is censorable and the resistance that the censorship may confront is small. Therefore, the system of unconstitutional review can be set up systematically through people＇ s congresses at different levels and the CPC committee, regularizing unconstitutional review from the authorized orgnization to the administrative organs, from local government to central government, from unwritten administrative tradition to written administrative tradition, and from administrative tradition to laws and regulations. This study also disscusses the right of unconstitutional review enjoyed by both the local people＇ s congresses and the CPC committee, and provides the theoretical fundation for stating the unconstitutional review of the administrative tradition form the local administration.