劳动价值论、市场经济与按要素分配

劳动价值论是马克思主义政治经济学的理论起点,坚持马克思主义必须坚持马克思劳动价值的一元论,承认只有活劳动才是创造价值的源泉。但随着社会生产力的发展,科学技术的进步,我们应该扩大生产劳动的范畴,认为凡是有益社会的劳动都创造价值,各种非生产劳动要素虽不是创造价值的要素,但却是创造价值的前提,创造使用价值的要素,因而现实中生产决定分配的内涵要求我们重新认识社会主义的分配关系。文章认为,在社会主义市场经济条件下,按要素分配是社会主义市场经济运作方式的基本特征与必然要求,按要素分配不存在剥削,与马克思劳动价值论具有逻辑一致性。

Labor Value, Market Economy and Distribution by Elements

The theory of labor value is the starting point of Marxist political economy. If sticking to Marxism, one must stick to the Marxist monism of labor value, admitting that personal labor is the only source to create value. However, with the development of social productive power and progress of science and technology, we should extend the scope of productive labor, arguing that all labor beneficial to society can create value. Various kinds of unproductive labor elements do not belong to those to create value, but are the preconditions and the elements to create use value. Therefore, the implication of production determining distribution demands our recognition of socialist distribution relationship. This paper argues that, under the condition of socialist market economy, distribution by elements is the essential feature and inevitable requirement for the operation way of socialist market economy. Distribution by elements does not mean exploiting, coinciding logically with Marxist theory of labor value.