论“不合理的伤害危险”——对过失概念客观要素的考察

过失概念在理论上可以区分出两项要素,即客观上存在着不合理的伤害危险,主观上该危险存在着可预见性,但两项要素并非泾渭分明。不仅理性相对人不能认识和防范的危险可以构成不合理危险,在一定条件下,非理性相对人不能认识和防范的危险同样可以构成不合理危险。“不合理危险”这一要素在内涵和外延上的不确定性,导致了过错责任与危险责任的界限模糊。不同的情况对本人提出的认识要求是不同的。对于理性相对人不能防范的危险,要求本人更认真地去认识,非理性相对人不能防范的危险,则不是如此,但不等于不要求本人去认识。

On Unreasonable Risk: Focusing on the Objective Elemeuts of Negligence

Theoretically Speaking, concept of negligence consists of two unreasonable risk that is exposed to the other party and the foreseeability of that elements, namely, an existing risk. But there is virtually no clear- cut boundary between these two elements. The risks that the other party can neither reasonably foresee nor prevent constitute unreasonable risks, and those risks that an unreasonable person cannot foresee or prevent are equally unreasonable risks. Due to the uncertainty in defining unreasonable risk, the boundary between fault liability and strict liability is also to some degree unclear.