论气候变化语境下的国际服务贸易法适用问题:以一般例外规则为视角

各国日益重视采用服务贸易措施应对气候变化,我国WTO服务承诺亦与气候变化相关。因措施通常视成员是否承担减排义务而给予不同待遇,容易违反非歧视原则,一般例外是判断措施合法性的关键。一般例外适用于气候变化时将面临措施性质认定、必要性测试、发展中成员可否利用引言获得特殊待遇等诸多难题。为确保一般例外适用的可预见性并妥善平衡贸易与气候变化,需强化贸易与气候变化的相互支持,解决一般例外法理的连贯性不足等缺陷,避免僵化解释,力争规则更新修改。

Application of Laws Concerning Trade in International Services in the Context of Climate Change: A Perspective of General Exceptions

Measures relating to trade in services have been increasingly taken in the world to combat climate change,which inevitably reminds us of the relation between China’s commitment to WTO services and climate change.The measures to combat climate change usually grant different treatments according to the fact whether the Members undertake obligations to reduce emissions.As they may violate the non-discrimination principle,the general exceptions are crucial to determine their WTO-consistency.The general exceptions may encounter serious challenges such as the nature of the measures,the necessity test,and the special treatment which is available to developing Members under the chapeau.A number of aspects may be highlighted to ensure the predictability of the application of general exceptions and balance trade and climate change: to strengthen the mutual support between trade and climate change,to cure the inconsistency in the jurisprudence of general exceptions,to avoid rigid interpretation and to seek for update and amendment of rules.