公共科技政策分析的理论进路：评述与比较

公共科技政策分析是一个颇具多样性的领域。新古典经济学、演化经济学、科学技术与社会研究、政策科学4种理论进路各有特点。新古典经济学的政策分析非常清晰,可提供直接的政策工具;演化经济学给予科技发展一种系统的理解,可得到科技发展的结构性制度安排;STS以宽阔的视野,在政策导向、科技行为的规范、政策对科技的建构等方面具有丰富的思想和措施含义;政策科学的分析关注政策系统,为改进政策过程提供认识基础。基于对4种理论进路共性与差异的比较,提出了一个公共科技政策分析的整合的概念框架。

Approaches to Analysis of Public Science and Technology Policies: Review and Comparison

The analysis of public science and technology policies is a field that is full of diversity. In this paper, four approaches of neo-classical economics, evolutionary economics, science-technology and society (STS) study and policy science are identified by their advantages as well as by their limits. The policy analysis under neo-classical economics framework is transparent and provides direct policy tools; the evolutionary economics offers a systematic understanding of development of science and technology and concludes a set of structural institutional arrangements; the foresight of science-technology and society (STS) study has abundant policy implications for policy tropism, criterion of science and technical actions etc.. The policy science emphasizes on policy system providing basis for improving policy-decision and implementation process. Finally, based on the review and comparison of four approaches, an integrated concept framework for analysis of science and technology policy is put forward.