商标恶意抢注中特定关系“非特定化”之反思--《商标法》第15条的解释论

商标抢注是我国商标法司法实践中一个重要问题。我国《商标法》第15条专门规制发生在特定关系人之间的商标恶意抢注行为、划分特定关系的类型,但未对其含义做明确界定,导致司法实践中对特定关系的判定出现分歧,特定关系的范围因此不断扩大,呈现出“非特定化”趋势。特定关系的无序扩张,在法理上缺少必要性和正当性,既有碍适用《商标法》其他条款,又不符合效率原则、社会成本理论及诚实信用原则的应有之意。为防止特定关系无序扩张,应将契约关系作为解释特定关系内容的核心,法官适用该条款时不宜随意扩大特定关系的内容,应严格按照商标法及相关司法解释的规定进行判断。

Reflection on the"Non-Specificity"of Specific Relations in Malicious Trademark Squatting—Interpretation of Article 15 of the Trademark Law

The trademark squatting is an important judicial practice problem in China's trademark law.Article 15 of the trademark law specifically regulates malicious registered trade mark of specific participant behavior and divides the specific relationship types,but not to define the meaning.As a result,there are divergences in the judgment of specific relationship in judicial practice,so the scope of specifi c relationship is constantly expanding,showing a trend of"non-specific".The disorderly expansion of specifi c relationship lacks necessity and legitimacy in legal theory,which not only hinders the application of other provisions of the trademark law,but also does not conform to the due meaning of the principle of efficiency,social cost theory and the principle of good faith.In order to prevent the disorderly expansion of specifi crelationship,the contractual relationship should be taken as the core of the interpretation of the content of specific relationship.When the judge applies this clause,it is notappropriate to expand the content of a specifi crelationship at will,and the judge should strictly follow the provisions of the trademark law and relevant judicial interpretations.