知识产权国际造法新趋势

在 TRIPs 协议产生后十余年的时间里,知识产权国际造法活动明显加快。在WTO 体制之外,不少国际组织、机构和论坛围绕着如何处理保护知识产权与维护生物多样性、合理开发植物基因资源、促进公共健康、维护人权之间的关系等问题,对 TRIPs 协议所确立的一系列高标准的知识产权规则提出了批判,探讨和制订了一系列软法性质的、倡导人权和维护社会公共利益的知识产权新规则。这些活动打破了 WTO 和 WIPO 在国际法层面上对知识产权立法权的垄断,反映了国际社会对知识产权私权利之外的人权、公共健康等社会权益的日益重视,势必对未来知识产权国际立法和国内立法产生深远影响。

The New Tendency of the International Law-making Activities of Intellectual Property Rights

After the establishment of TRIPs Agreement, in about ten years, the law-making process in the field of intellectual property rights is accelerating. Outside the framework of WTO and WIPO, many other international organizations, institutions and forums are trying to make some new and intellectual- property-related soft laws which focus on the promotion of public health, the protection of plant genetic resources, the maintenance of biological diversity, the protection of the heritage of indigenous people and traditional knowledge, the promotion of human rights etc. These law-making activities have broken the monopoly of legislation on intellectual property rights by WTO and WIPO at international level, reflect- ing that the intellectual-property-related human rights issues, public health issues have caused more and more attentions and recognitions in international society. These kinds of new rules will be sure to in- fluence the future intellectual property legislations both domestically and internationally.