王学的内在张力与王门后学的衍化

王阳明的心学作为一种独特的哲学系统,有其核心概念,后者主要体现于他一再主张阐发的两个观念,即良知与致良知。从内在的方面看,良知说与致良知说中都包含着某种理论的张力。就良知说而言,这种张力具体表现于个体性与普遍性之间:良知之中的心蕴含了对个体性的确认,其中的理则侧重于普遍性。在致良知说中,它则具体表现为先天本体和后天之致(致知工夫)之间的紧张:强调本体的先天性,同时也意味着肯定良知的既成性质,致知工夫侧重于本体要通过一个过程来达到,良知或本体的天赋性则表明良知一开始就先天具足,后天工夫并不能对它有所增益;致突出了过程性,良知的先天性则消解了过程。过程和非过程、先天的本体和后天的工夫之间这种张力,内在地存在于王阳明的致良知说之中。良知说和致良知说的以上两重性或内在张力,在逻辑上导致了王门后学的分化。

The Internal Tension of Wang Yangming's Philosophy and the Development of Wang Yangming's Philosophy

There are two key ideas in Wang Yangming's philosophy,one is Liangzhi(internal moral consciousness),and the other is Zhiliangzhi(to attain and carry out the innate moral consciousness).Both of these two ideas contain innate tension.As Liangzhi(innate moral consciousness) is concerned,on one hand,Wang Ming take heart-mind as its element which links to the principle of individuals,on the other hand,Wang stressed that the substantive aspect of Liangzhi(innate moral consciousness) is Li(principle) which is asso...