论未成年人犯罪的社会调查之争——以社会调查主体之争为切入点

对未成年犯罪个案开展社会调查成为刑事诉讼法所规定的法定少年司法制度,有力地推动了我国少年司法的发展。但刑事诉讼法修改时,对社会调查的原则化规制以及指导司法实践的具体配套规范的缺失,共同导致这一制度在施行过程中出现了调查主体之争的白热化。实际上,调查主体之争的背后是司法权力配置之争。要化解权力配置之争及其引发的后续问题,必须从厘清主体之争的现实和理论成因着手,跨越社会调查活动开展的前置性障碍,建立起社会调查必要性评估机制,以共享和制约为权力分享的前提,合理权衡公检法三机关的司法权力配置之需,结合各地的司法实践需要和司法资源优势,建构起相对统一规范的社会调查主体机制。

The Dispute of Social Survey on Juvenile Delinquency ——From the Aspect of the Subjects of Social Investigation on Dispute

The social survey,a strong impetus to the development of China＇s juvenile justice,is needed in handling the cases of juvenile crime,which is prescribed by the criminal procedure law. However,in the amendment to the criminal procedure law,there are only general rules for the social survey. This,as well as the lack of a specific guidance supporting the norms of judicial practice,leads to a heated dispute over the investigation subjects in the implementation process. In fact,such dispute is brought about as a result of the imbalance of the judicial power. To resolve the imbalance and those follow-up questions,we must start with clarifying the practical and theoretical causes that lead to the dispute,overcome obstacles in front of the social survey activities,and establish a social survey evaluation mechanism. In addition,on the premise of power-sharing and power-restricting,we should balance the judicial power and establish relatively standardized subjects mechanism based on the judicial practice and resources in different places.